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Meet an orthodontist with $1 million in student loan debt

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Unless you have not been reading headline making news lately, then you have heard of the man who ran up a tab of over a million dollars to become an orthodontist. It was featured in the Wall Street Journal and has attracted a lot of attention. His name is Dr. Mike Meru. He owes approximately $1,060,945.42 as of the reporting of the article in May 2018. There are only 101 people with $1 million in student loan debt. He is one of those people. Here is how this went down.

HOW TO GO FROM DEBT FREE TO OWING $1M IN 13 YEARS

Mr. Meru grew up in California. He has two brothers and is the eldest of the three. His parents said they would help pay for college. He got through undergrad with the help of his parents and by working through school. He graduated in 2005 from Brigham Young debt-free.

From there he decided to go to dental school.

Before we go any further in this story, I want you readers to know that becoming a doctor is incredibly expensive. It is not uncommon to have medical students be in debt for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Anywhere from $200,000-300,000 in medical school debt is their reality.  Dental school is also one of the most expensive programs and can cost upwards of $70,000 or more per year.

Getting back to Mr. Meru, he was informed that going to dental school would cost anywhere from a price tag of $400,000-$450,000 in student loans plus interest.

For me, this is a red flag. Even if you can earn a six-figure salary as a doctor, I am risk-averse and would be turned away by this eye-popping amount. However, if your goal is to be a doctor and be of help and in service to others, then this is what the cost will be.

FROM $0 IN STUDENT LOANS TO $340,000 IN FOUR YEARS

He then chooses one of the most prestigious institutions for dentistry: University of Southern California.  This is what he paid for four years of school from 2005-2009:

Year one at end he owed: $43,000

Year two at end he owed: $115,000

Year three at end he owed: $230,000

Year four at end he owed: $340,000

Dr. Meru has now finished dental school. He owes over a quarter of a million dollars in debt within four years of graduating from college debt-free.

Keep in mind that college tuition goes up every year around the country. USC is no exception. In addition, interest rates have gone up on student loans as well. In the WSJ article, his loans were at various interest rates throughout his time at school. Also, tuition increases at USC would go for about 6%. This is a huge amount of money. For instance, a 6% increase over 3 years would be the equivalent of an 18% increase in tuition by overall from start to finish.

The cost of college is going up faster than the cost of inflation. Generally, inflation goes up by about 3% annually increasing the costs of goods and services. Therefore, if it cost a dollar ($1.00) last year it will now cost $1.03 this year. Imagine paying 6% on $50,000 and then 6% on 53,000 and so on, all the while you are also accruing interest on this borrowed amount.

You are getting hit with a two combo even worse than Mike Tyson could ever do.

First, you get hit with tuition increases of 6% in this case. Second, you pay interest on the loans you take out of approximately $50,000 per year. The compound interest is brutal.

In the article, it states that Dr. Meru found his calling as orthodontics changed his life as a teenager. However, the one caveat he did not take into consideration: inflation. If you want to learn more about inflation, read my article Money Lessons I learned from Scrooge McDuck. The cost of becoming a doctor 20-25 years ago was cheaper then as it is way more expensive now.

This is not the first time I have seen people take bets like this on their education.

If you were to do some research, you will find that 50 plus years ago education was pretty reasonable and in many cases more  affordable. I will provide one such case below.

In the book, Generation Debt by Anya Kamenetz, a Yallie that was born toward the end of the 1970’s, stated in her book that her parents old college professors were in shock at the sticker price of Yale over a seven year time period which had risen- from $30,000 to almost $39,000. Her own father, who attended Yale on a scholarship, had appropriately asked the justification of the tuition increases. This considering when he went there the price was…wait for it…$3,000. That means within one generation tuition has increased $1,000% or to roughly 10 times the cost.

The absolute saddest and funniest part of the book, in my opinion, was at the high school graduation brunch of her younger sister. Her parents also wanted her sister to go to Yale, but cited cost concerns and rightly so. The speaker said of the 180 graduates they would divide $18 million in scholarships- that’ll just about get them to Thanksgiving. That was putting it mildly.

The problem is that education is not an equalizer. Although, there is nothing wrong with getting a good education. And going to a great school with high-quality education is awesome; some people may have to simply understand that it may not be the best option for them individually.

The jury is still out on the value of an education. Sure, they let you know on college brochures and in the media that a college degree can net you more than $1 million more in lifetime income, but in Dr. Meru’s case did it also say that if you flip a coin, it could be the opposite and you could owe $1 million dollars? I don’t think so.

Many employers are paying in wages nowhere near the cost of college.

I have read that some places cannot put a dollar amount on how much to pay their employees for their degree, but colleges have put a price on it as USC cost Dr. Meru over $400k.

FROM $340,000 IN STUDENT LOANS TO $601,506 IN THREE YEARS

You would think by finishing dental school that his education was done and over with. Alas, then there is residency, which is training for doctors. However, for dental specialists this costs too. Many doctors are paid while in residency, but Dr. Meru must continue to pay for training for an additional three years FROM 2009-2012. This would increase his debt to over $600,000.

FROM $601,506 IN STUDENT LOANS TO $1,060,945.42 IN SIX YEARS

Pay close attention here because things move really quickly.

He consolidates after finishing all his education and training. He then owes $724,817 by 2012-2013. This includes in interest and principal as a consolidation not only changes your repayment terms, interest rate, and payment amount but interest can capitalize. Capitalization is what makes student loans such a slippery slope. It makes you owe interest on top of interest making it harder to get it paid off.

From there he continues to accrue interest and owes $882,300 by 2015.

Within 3 years, interest continues and grows the debt to $1,060,945.42 by 2018.

How is this even possible? In 2005, Congress created Grad PLUS loans that removed loan limits and allows student to borrow for every expense from tuition to rent and living expenses. Dangerous.

He is now making monthly payments of $1,589.97. He has two daughters, a wife, a $400,000 mortgage, a $225,000 salary and is accruing $130 per day in interest on his loans, which is $3,900 per month and $47,000 per year.

If not for Income-based repayment, he would have to pay $10,541.91 per month. Instead, he pays about $1,600. This does not pay all the interest that is accruing and does not even touch his principal. Within 20 years he will owe $2 million. If forgiven, he will owe $700,000 in income taxes. Currently, his take-home pay after income taxes is $13,333 per month. That means if he pays the $10k monthly payment, he would have his debt paid off in about 13 years, but bring home less than $3,000 per month.

 WHY SO MUCH DEBT?

Keep in mind that it is mostly graduate students that end up in the most debt. With the cost of graduate school (2-4 years) easily topping $20,000 or more per year, it can dwarf undergraduate costs. Over 20 years ago no undergrad or graduate students owed six-figures of student loan debt. Today, over 2.5 million of graduate students do.

After reading about Dr. Meru’s story, I feel that there is a serious problem with the funding of higher education. I want people to be doing the opposite of owing interest on a $1 million and instead be earning interest on this amount of money.

I want people to have the trifecta of retirement funds- pension or 401(k), savings, social security. Over a 30 year career you want to have a paid for home, 25 times your annual income in a retirement account, and be able to get social security or have at least two forms of income to supplement your savings.

In the article, his wife said there are a few things that are OK to go into debt for: a home, an automobile, an education. I have to disagree. I say if you can avoid all debt, then do it. Pay cash for all your purchases. For a car you need one loan. Same goes for a home. However, her husband needed 50 loans to fund his education.

If you are unsure why or how you will pay cash for all purchases, let the advice of these millionaires be your guide.

Mark Cuban, billionaire owner of the Mavericks, says if you use a credit card, then you do not want to be rich.

Kevin O’Leary, shark tank entrepreneur, says all debt is evil.

David Bach, financial advisor and author of the Automatic Millionaire, says all debt is bad debt.

I rest my case.

Bankruptcy, Financial Freedom, Retirement

Do not cash out your retirement accounts

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“Don’t put your retirement on a credit card.” – Suze Orman

I recently read in the news that a guy emptied out his 401(k) to have enough cash to go see Super Bowl LII. That’s insane.

That is the financial equivalent of throwing all your money in a trash can, pouring gasoline on it, lighting a match, throwing it in, and setting it on fire.

The only time you should cash out is when you hit it big in Vegas at the poker table. Otherwise, just walk away and don’t do it.

They say poker is not about knowing how to play the game, “It’s about playing the other guy.” – Sam Winchester, Supernatural (Season 5 episode 7)

You can buy the whole Supernatural series on Amazon.

Well, in this case the other guy is the IRS. Since, the rules have recently changed you better make sure you learn them as there is no playing the feds.

This is not a game of craps where you just shoot the dice. This is for real.

Your future self is depending on you to do the right thing in the present.

The economy is still getting its act together, but in the meantime you still have responsibilities. I get it.

Millions are people are struggling with debt.

Americans owe about 2 trillion in credit card and student loan debt.

Many are just trying to keep their head above water.

Be forewarned, that even if you have good intentions, cashing out to pay college tuition costs for the kids or grandkids is a big no, no too.

YOU CANNOT FINANCE RETIREMENT

You cannot finance retirement, but your kids can finance their education. Just limit what you borrow.

I know someone living on a fixed income. She was short paying her property taxes because she owed over $25,000 in credit card debt!

And she was scared she would lose her home if she did not pay. She was shaking and crying it was so bad.

I gave her the part where she came up short. You see, she gave me a place to stay many (16) years ago. I had not forgotten. And I never forget a favor.

The good you do can definitely come back to you full circle.

I had a chance to repay her for her kindness and I took it.

Full disclosure: she is an 86-year-old grandmother who got into debt helping her grandkids.

I am not saying not to help your kids. Just be mindful what can happen if you do and you are not financially able or prepared.

Here is what I want you to know.

CASHING OUT A 401(k) IS EXPENSIVE

Cashing out means the following:

  • Paying a 10% federal tax penalty on the money you withdraw
  • Every penny is taxed as ordinary income (negating any pre-tax gains)
  • Any 401(k) loan money you repay is going to get taxed again
  • Every dime you take out is unable to earn interest for the future
  • Present pleasure will not erase future pain and problems when the money is not there to help
  • Every dollar is unable to turn into two from compounding over the years

I know people will switch jobs or attempt to stave off bankruptcy, but I am telling you this is not the way to do it.

Just like there is a way to structure your leaving a job, there is a way to structure how you repay your debts.

Did you know your retirement accounts are protected from creditors?

There’s a little tidbit many creditors will not likely tell you. Well, I am letting you in on the recipe of the secret sauce.

You can learn even more about money and debt by reading any of the books listed in this post and purchasing or renting from the library.

If you cash out, that money is up for grabs. You are all in and could lose to the house.

The decks are stacked against you in this standoff with the banks as you have nothing left to bargain with once you have exhausted all your resources.

That is why it is best to put down no more than 20% on a down payment on a home.

If you decide to do more, like, say 35%, and the market tanks, you could lose your shirt and every dime you put into the property!

That’s too much skin in the game.

ALWAYS PLAY TO WIN

You could also lose your home, literally as well.

Once the money is cashed out, it’s gone forever.

If you cash out to pay off credit cards, medical bills, or back mortgage payments then that’s all folks.

The money is spent. You can’t get it back. And if something else goes wrong, then it’s game over.

All of those things can actually be discharged and wiped away in bankruptcy.

You are; however, still responsible for child support, alimony, back taxes, fines, penalties, and restitution you owe for breaking the law and student loans.

So, you could cash out, pay the credit cards and mortgage, and still get into financial hot water again should a medical or some other type of emergency arise.

You are far better off going ahead with a bankruptcy than breaking the 401(k) piggy bank.

That is, if you truly can’t afford to make the payments and pay your debts.

When your financial back is against the wall a bankruptcy may be your best course of action not cashing out your retirement.

A chapter 13 bankruptcy can possibly even help protect the equity you have in your home.

The money in your retirement account is protected from bankruptcy.

That means if you have $1 million in your 401(k) and go into personal bankruptcy due to owing $100,000 in medical bills the banks and courts can’t touch it.

When you cash out you are likely to pay 35% of the balance of the funds you withdraw.

There is even a possibly after the taxes and penalties are paid, you will not have enough left over to pay the debts you wanted to pay off!

All that work and you still get the short end of the stick.

When the chips are down, just leave them on the table and walk out. Do not add in more chips!

Whatever you decide, make sure cashing out is the last Hail Mary pass in your financial playbook.

Financial Freedom, Retirement

R-E-T-I-R-E oh yeah I ment for this to happen

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Retirement the best laid plans. First, they tell you to go to school and get good grades. You won’t be able to get into college they say. Little do they know that there are many colleges willing to accept you because bottom-line is they want your money. So you get into college, you graduate, and get a job. Now you have to plan your exit strategy. Sounds daunting because it is.

Expert advice. All the experts say you have to start saving and investing early. Pretty much from the time you start your first job. They might as well say as soon as you can start walking and talking because it takes a while before your investments are self-sustaining from what is known as compound interest, which is interest calculated on the principal and also on the accumulated interest that grows money over time. In other words, if you invest $5 dollars and $1 dollar of interest grows on it, then interest will now start accruing on $6 dollars and so on. That’s how you build wealth. This happens even faster when you get out of debt because then you have more money to invest.

Most commonly known and used retirement plans

401k. This is a retirement plan where participants make a contribution from his or her paycheck that is usually done through pretax and/or post-tax deductions. Investments are chosen among the options provided under the plan. Pre-tax deductions grow tax deferred and are tax deductible.

IRA’s. Roth vs. traditional

A Traditional IRA is a retirement account that allows participants to direct pretax income into investments that grow tax deferred until the money is withdrawn.

A Roth Ira is similar to a traditional IRA, but contributions are from after-tax income, are not tax deductible but distributions are tax free.

I remember being in my twenties and finally landing a job that had a 401k. I thought it would never happen. Little did I know I now needed to manage paying the bills, picking investments, eating, bathing, juggling work and school on top of becoming a semi-professional financial expert to manage it. I just decided to do enough to get the match.

This was a time when I was not making a lot of money mind you. Less than $30k thank you very much but something is always better than nothing. So I had to work with what I got. My other coworkers laughed at me for contributing so little (we all made peanuts) and some even decided not to invest at all!

I ignored the naysayers. I continued to invest until I was laid off during the financial crisis. Since, I did not know much about 401k’s and rollovers at the time I left it alone and let it sit. It turned into about $5,500.

Later, I was informed that it went below the $5k mark needed for it to stay invested and I would have to cash it out. I learned that if your investments fall below this amount that it cannot stay with your old employer’s plan. However, to cash out any retirement plan before the age of 59 ½ means paying steep penalties such as 10% for early withdrawal and paying federal and state income tax. I was like no way!

I just held fast and waited to see what would happen. The only way that I was cashing in my golden ticket was if the tax man himself came to my house, tipped his hat, flipped over with his cane and said I have no choice or Uncle Sam, aka the government, would take my money away from me. Well, guess what, that never happened.

My investments ending up going up and down for a while teetering between $5k and $5500 but eventually settling down to the tune of over $8k. Not bad for someone who was laughed at and told that I did not make enough to invest.

I would go on to rollover that account and invest modestly over the next few years and that balance within 3 years became over $15k! I’m glad I stuck to my guns and decided to trust my gut instead of listening to others. Your instincts are usually the best advice you can take.

And after seeing what was endless possibilities thanks to compound interest I said to myself…this is just the beginning.